A recent study commissioned by the Government of India revealed that an average uban household in India pays around 4400 as bribe every year. As such a rural household will shell out 2900 Rupees. This survey was conducted by National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER).
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In the cities, people shell out nearly Rs 18,000 for securing jobs and transfers, while traffic police were paid around Rs 600 an year. All these payments are unaccounted and are treated as ‘Black Money’.
The survey revealed that black money is generated through bribes and pay-offs to bureaucrats and politicians, which could range from award of contracts to leakages from development schemes, mining, sale of oil products and settlement of non-performing loans by banks. In rural areas, the bribes are quite common in the government welfare schemes where at least half the beneficiaries of these schemes including rural job guarantee scheme (MNREGS), public distribution system, Indira Aawas Yojna, social security programmes and scholarships.
